# El Colegiado for AI agents and developers

> Data files (JSON, CSV), field dictionary, licences, updates, citation and usage guidelines for El Colegiado data.

Source: https://elcolegiado.com/developers/

Open data

# For AI agents & developers

Everything you need to reuse and cite the site's data, by hand or programmatically.

- 2000-01 → 2025-26

- 9,880 matches

- Updated on 3 October 2026

## Data files

All files are static, public and need no access key. Missing values are empty (never 0).

### JSON

- [/data/matchs.json](https://elcolegiado.com/data/matchs.json) — all matches, column-oriented (see the dictionary below)

- `/data/arbitres/<slug>.json` — a referee's matches and records by club (example : [/data/arbitres/undiano-mallenco.json](https://elcolegiado.com/data/arbitres/undiano-mallenco.json))

- `/data/clubs/<slug>.json` — a club's matches (example : [/data/clubs/alaves.json](https://elcolegiado.com/data/clubs/alaves.json))

- `/data/paires/<arbitre>/<club>.json` — matches of a referee × club pair

- `/data/archives/saisons/<saison>.json`, `/data/archives/clubs/<slug>.json`, `/data/archives/arbitres/<slug>.json` — archives

- [/search-index-en.json](https://elcolegiado.com/search-index-en.json), [/search-index-es.json](https://elcolegiado.com/search-index-es.json), [/search-index-fr.json](https://elcolegiado.com/search-index-fr.json) — search index (pages, referees, clubs, seasons)

### CSV

- [/data/csv/matchs.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/matchs.csv) — One match per row: date, season, period, matchday, teams, score, referee, cards, penalties, fouls, corners, shots, odds, with the source of each group of variables.

- [/data/csv/arbitres.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/arbitres.csv) — Referees: identifier, full name, variants found (with source), colegio, region, seasons, number of matches.

- [/data/csv/arbitre_club.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/arbitre_club.csv) — Each referee × club pair: record, points and expected points, balances, p-values, q-values and verdicts.

- [/data/csv/designations.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/designations.csv) — Appointment frequency: observed and expected matches per referee × club pair, p, q and reading.

- [/data/csv/periodes.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/periodes.csv) — By club and period: points, expected points, raw and strength-adjusted measures with confidence intervals.

- [/data/csv/diff_in_diff.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/diff_in_diff.csv) — The study's differences-in-differences, bootstrap intervals, p and q.

- [/data/csv/var_tests.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/var_tests.csv) — Effect of VAR: Liga averages before and after, permutation p.

- [/data/csv/var_saisons.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/var_saisons.csv) — Liga averages per season (penalties, reds, yellows, fouls).

- [/data/csv/calibration_cotes_saison.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/calibration_cotes_saison.csv) — Odds calibration: actual and expected points across the whole Liga per season.

- [/data/csv/titres.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/titres.csv) — Liga champion per season, with the source.

- [/data/csv/couverture.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/couverture.csv) — Share of matches with data, by season and variable.

- [/data/csv/coherence.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/coherence.csv) — Differences between recomputed and official standings.

- [/data/csv/conflits.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/conflits.csv) — Disagreements between sources (score, referee) and the decision taken.

- [/data/csv/donnees_manquantes.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/donnees_manquantes.csv) — Log of missing data, by season, variable and reason.

- [/data/csv/historique_matchs.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/historique_matchs.csv) — Archives: matches of the seasons before the main database (score and, when known, date, referee, penalties, cards), with their source.

- [/data/csv/historique_classements.csv](https://elcolegiado.com/data/csv/historique_classements.csv) — Archives: official final standings of the seasons before the main database.

### Text for language models

- [/llms.txt](https://elcolegiado.com/llms.txt) — summary in llms.txt format

- [/llms-full.txt](https://elcolegiado.com/llms-full.txt) — full text of the key pages (English)

- [/sitemap.xml](https://elcolegiado.com/sitemap.xml) — every indexable page, with its EN, ES and FR versions

- [/index.md](https://elcolegiado.com/index.md)

- [/studies.md](https://elcolegiado.com/studies.md)

- [/studies/negreira-case.md](https://elcolegiado.com/studies/negreira-case.md)

- [/studies/var.md](https://elcolegiado.com/studies/var.md)

- [/studies/odds.md](https://elcolegiado.com/studies/odds.md)

- [/methodology.md](https://elcolegiado.com/methodology.md)

- [/data.md](https://elcolegiado.com/data.md)

- [/about.md](https://elcolegiado.com/about.md)

- [/developers.md](https://elcolegiado.com/developers.md)

Content negotiation: send `Accept: text/markdown` to the address of any of these pages to get its Markdown version directly (with a `Link` header to the canonical page); without that header, HTML is served.

Robots and AI: the [robots.txt](https://elcolegiado.com/robots.txt) file declares `Content-Signal: search=yes, ai-input=yes, ai-train=no`. Search and AI answers that cite the site are welcome; model training is refused, because part of the data comes from a CC BY-NC (non-commercial) source.

## Field dictionary

| Column | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `id` | match identifier (season_home_away) |
| `s` | season |
| `d` | date (YYYY-MM-DD) |
| `j` | matchday |
| `h` | home club (identifier) |
| `a` | away club |
| `hg` | home club goals |
| `ag` | away club goals |
| `r` | referee (identifier) or empty |
| `ramb` | 1 if one of the Teixeira Vitienes brothers, not told apart |
| `ph` | probability of a home win (odds, margin removed) |
| `pd` | probability of a draw |
| `pa` | probability of an away win |
| `penh` | penalties won by the home club |
| `pena` | penalties won by the away club |
| `yh` | yellow cards received at home |
| `ya` | yellow cards received away |
| `rh` | red cards received at home |
| `ra` | red cards received away |
| `fh` | fouls committed by the home club |
| `fa` | fouls committed by the away club |
| `ch` | home corners |
| `ca` | away corners |
| `sh` | home shots |
| `sa` | away shots |
| `apenh` | strength-adjusted penalties, home point of view (positive = favourable) |
| `apena` | adjusted penalties, away point of view |
| `arh` | adjusted reds, home point of view |
| `ara` | adjusted reds, away point of view |
| `ayh` | adjusted yellows, home point of view |
| `aya` | adjusted yellows, away point of view |
| `afh` | adjusted fouls, home point of view |
| `afa` | adjusted fouls, away point of view |

## Licences

**Zenodo 7341037** (BeSoccer data): **CC BY-NC 4.0** — attribution required, non-commercial use. Tables containing this data inherit these terms.

**Wikipedia** (en, es): **CC BY-SA 4.0** — attribution, share-alike (references dated by revision in the `source` columns).

**football-data.co.uk**: scores, odds and match statistics. Credit: "Data from football-data.co.uk"; reuse subject to that site's terms.

[licences and credits](https://elcolegiado.com/data/#licences)

## Updates

Data is regenerated with every update of the analysis pipeline, with no fixed schedule. Last generated: 3 October 2026 (9,880 matches, 2000-01 → 2025-26).

## How to cite

Page addresses are permanent. Cite the canonical URL and the data update date:

`El Colegiado, "Data on refereeing in the Liga", https://elcolegiado.com/ (data updated on 3 October 2026).`

`El Colegiado. Liga refereeing data, 2000-01 → 2025-26, version of 3 October 2026. https://elcolegiado.com/data/`

Every study and every profile page also has a "Cite this page" box.

## Usage guidelines

- A statistical deviation is not proof: never present it as evidence of biased refereeing.

- Quote the q-value (corrected for multiple comparisons) rather than the raw p-value, and always the sample size.

- "Inconclusive" does not mean "no effect": referee × club pairs often involve few matches.

- Keep the vocabulary neutral: "favourable to the club", "unfavourable to the club", "inconclusive".

- Respect the source licences, in particular the non-commercial use of the BeSoccer data.

## Languages

[English](https://elcolegiado.com/llms.txt) · [Español](https://elcolegiado.com/es/llms.txt) · [Français](https://elcolegiado.com/fr/llms.txt)